DEFINITIONS AND INTRINSIC ELEMENTS OF THE NOVEL

DEFINITIONS AND INTRINSIC ELEMENTS OF THE NOVEL The novel is a literary prose shaped like a short story. As well as short stories, novels generally also tell all kajadian / problems that occur in human life. That distinguish between the novel of the short story is the scope of the problem presented. The novel has a broader scope, not only focused on one incident / problem alone. Even allowed to reveal the whole episode a novel way of life story characters. The problems that had not had a strong enough connection with the characters or the story can be included in the novel. The purpose of the problem that is not too strong to do with character or subject matter that is the problem or incident that if the issue / incident is not included in this story will not affect / interrupt the cohesiveness of the story. A side issue is commonly referred to as degresi. By understanding the above can be concluded that the novel is a prose literary works that tell the human life episodes / characters that give freedom to the emergence of degresi or not should always be centered on the main story. With the degresi this novel is generally divided into fragments. From that sense we can know that a novel does not have a specific reference in terms of quantity of writing. The novel does generally have a long story but did not rule out the existence of a short novel. The novel itself is based on the content, objectives and purpose of the author can be divided into several types, namely: 1. Tendentious novel Novels of this type often called a novel aims. It was said, because in this novel type of the intended purpose the author deeply felt, for example, to educate, criticize the mistakes that often terjai, etc.. Example: SALAH ASUHAN a novel written by Abdul Muis 2. Historical Novel Novels of this type has to do with historical events. Characters and background story is taken from historical events. Yet the novel remains a novel, although the figures and the background contained in the novel species is related to historical events but the novel can not be equated with the records / documentation of history. That's because the literature is made on the imagination of the author who certainly mixed with the attitude and Views of author's life. Example: Untung Surapati a novel written by Abdul Muis 3. Novel Custom Traditional novel is a novel whose content is related to indigenous issues. The characters in novels of this type as if only the media to question the traditional author of concern to the author. Novels included in this type such as Sitti Nurbaya a novel written by Marah Rusli. 4. Children's novel Is a kind of novel that tells the lives of children. Because Its targets children's novel of this type in workmanship adjust the power of thought the kids too, with simple language. Examples of this type such as a novel Si Dul Anak Betawi written by Aman Dt. Majoindo. Characters in the novels of this type do not have children. 5. Political Novel Is the background of the novel's political problems. The novel is commonly used as a means to fight for the author's political ideas or as a means of fighting spirit burner community in achieving its political ideals. 6. Psychological Novel In this novel the author's attention has been spilled on the mental development of the characters. Nature and human nature in general, the upheavals of mind, human actions and character is essentially the most highlighted authors. Example: a novel Belenggu, Armyn Pane works 7. Romance Novels The novel is said to include in this type if the contents of the novel is much more to talk about relationships between men and women. Usually this is only a novel type of reading entertainment only and cultivation of the problem is not too deep. Pop novels of today many developing normally included in this type. Example: a novel Karmila works Marga T. Novel Intrinsic Elements intrinsic elements are the elements that build up in the literary works of literature itself. The purpose of the elements that are included in the literary work itself. In general, the intrinsic elements of literary works including novels include theme, plot, characterizations, setting, tension and padahan, the atmosphere, the central narrative, and style. 1. Theme The theme is the basic story that dominated the subject matter of a literary work (suharianto: 2005). The theme was the starting point in compiling the work of literary authors. This theme is to be conveyed and solved by the author through his story. The theme became the basis of development of the whole story, the theme was nature animates all parts of the story from beginning to end. 2. Storyline plot or plots can be defined as the way the author to establish the events in a row by taking into account the law of cause and effect so it is a unitary piece, round, and intact (Suharianto: 2005). The flow of the story consists of five parts: exposition / introduction, penggawatan, penanjakkan, peak or climax, and denouement. 3. Characterizations Literature is a story which tells the story of human life with all the miscellaneous life. With that understanding there would have been required as a manifestation of the human figure and his life to be told. The characters in this story will do its job to be "a source story". Figure is a living thing (humans) who have physical and temperament. Characterizations Characterizations often called disposition, which is depiction of the characters. This depiction includes a state of physical and spiritual leaders. The situation is a form of birth jazad figures and who the characters, circumstances of birth includes live view of the characters, character attitudes, beliefs, customs, etc. 4. Background All events that occur in human life certainly will not escape from the bondage of space and time. So also in the short story or novel in which it is the telling of human life and all permasalahanya. The scene and will continue to establish the timing behavior of the life of every character in the story. Thus it can be interpreted that the background is a place and time of occurrence or the story. Background or setting is often called in literature prose (short stories and novels) not only serves as a pointer place and time of the story. Background in literary prose is also used as a place of extraction of these values to express the author of the story. According Nurgiyantoro (2004:227-233) background can be divided into three main elements, namely setting the place, time setting, social setting. 5. Voltage and Padahan Suspense or tension is part of the story that makes the reader excited to continue reading the story. Desire arose because the author seemed promising the reader will find something that readers expect. While padahan or foreshadowing is part of the story that gives an idea of something that will happen. So padahan and voltage are inseparable, in other words the presence padahan it created tension. 6. Atmosphere As well as the time and place in a story, the atmosphere is also a thing that always accompany an event. The atmosphere can be defined as any experienced event experienced by a character in a story. For example a sad atmosphere, fun, and so forth. 7. Center Narration The story is a picture that displays the life of character. Positioning of characters to display the author of stories about the life of the characters in the story telling is what is called the center (point of view) or sometimes also called the point of view. In general, the central narrative is categorized into 4 types, ie author as the main story, the author come into play but not as a main character, the author of all present, and author of observers. 8. Style of Language Language in literary prose (short stories and novels) has a dual function as a transmitter of the intention of the author and as a transmitter of feelings. Author in making works of literature not only a wish to inform readers of what is experienced by the characters, but the authors also intend to invite the reader to feel what is experienced by the characters in the story. Because desire is a style that is used in literature are often different from the style of language in everyday life. In other words the style of language can be interpreted as a way (speaking) taken by the writer to convey thoughts or intentions.