Planning Learning
Planning Learning
Before starting any activity of any person often has a plan. That's because by planning activities to be conducted by a person will go well. Without planning activities that should be done properly can turn into a mess because we do not have an overview and management activities will be conducted
No exception in learning activities. For teachers, plan learning activities is a thing that must be done for the success pembelajran will do. Planning learning activities according to Ibrahim is formulating what purpose will be achieved by a learning activity, how what used to assess the achievement of these objectives, what material will be delivered, how to deliver, as well as tools or media what it takes. Another opinion about learning planning is the activity of projecting what actions will be implemented in a lesson is to coordinate (manage and respond to) the components of the learning so that the activity (purpose), content of activities (material), the way the activities (methods and techniques), and how to measure it (evaluation) becomes clear and systematic (Nana Sudjana).
Whether planning has perananan an important lesson in learning? Here's a question that often arises because common belief that teaching can also be done without planning. Teaching without a plan it can be done but it will be hard to teach types in achieving the goal of teaching itself. This is because teaching without planning will have less focus on learning, delivery methods and techniques that it is or sober, matter which is only modest, time management is not proportional, and the success rate of students in understanding course material difficult to be achieved and measured.
Concrete form of a current lesson plan is a plan of learning (rpp) and syllabus. Learning implementation plan and syllabus at least contains learning objectives, teaching materials, teaching methods, learning resources, and assessment of student learning hsail.
1. Syllabus
Syllabus is a lesson plan that includes standards of competence, basic competence, learning materials, competency achievement indicators, assessment, allocation of time, and resources / materials / learning tool. Syllabus is an elaboration of standards of competence and basic competence in the subject matter / learning, learning activities, and indicators of achievement of competency for assessment. Syllabus development conducted by educational units with a standard based on the contents and graduation competency standards and curriculum policies.
2. Plan the implementation of learning
Learning is a draft implementation plan that contains procedures and organizational learning. Rpp contain certain basic competencies membelajarkan translation contained in the syllabus. As for the things / components contained in the plan of study include:
a. The identity of RPP
The identity of the educational unit includes lesson plans, class / program, semester, subject, and time / attendance.
b. Standards of competence
Qualification standard of competence is the ability of learners menimal describing the acquisition of knowledge, attitudes, and skills students are expected to be achieved in a subject. Competency standards for each subject was determined in the standard content, but each educational unit is allowed to develop competency standards in accordance with the needs of schools and students (the needs of the working world, regional and national development (reference operational preparation of SBC))
c. Basic competencies
Basic competencies are the minimum competencies that must be mastered students who are the elaboration of standards of competence. Basic competencies are descriptions of competency standards has also been found in the content standards and do not close the possibility to be completed or developed as a standard of competence. But keep in mind the add and develop the SK or KD in a subject should not be reduced Standat Basic Competence Competence and specified in the Content Standards.
d. Inidikator achievement of competence
Indicators are signs that show the achievement of a KD when dibelajarkan to students. Indicator is a description of the behavior of basic competencies. Indicator achievement of competencies defined by operational verbs that can be observed and measured by a variety of assessment instruments.
The formulation of the basic competencies of each indicator is the duty of teachers in each educational unit tailored to the needs and circumstances of students. A teacher can formulate the basic competence indicators is highly dependent on the level of understanding teachers understand a basic competence. A teacher can formulate a good indicator if the teacher has a good understanding of basic competence. Without a good understanding in formulating indicators that errors may occur formulated indicators are not appropriate or not characterize the achievement of basic competencies that are taught.
Indicator itself has a function as a measuring tool of learning a determinant of the success of basic competence. With these functions, indicators become a reference in preparing teaching materials, determine the assessment of the achievement of KD, the determination of student activities in order to master KD, and determine the tools, materials, media and learning resources.
e. Learning objectives
Learning objectives are goals to be achieved by the students after participating in the learning process. The purpose of learning is a detailed form of basic competence, similar to but different indicators because the indicators of achievement of the signs of a KD while the goal is a goal or a result of mastering basic competencies. With the similarity of indicators with the aim of learning is usually revealed to be a direct indicator of the learning objectives. However, learning objectives must be clear and detailed every aspect of mastery on the basis of competence, so when the indicator can still be formulated more detailed learning objectives should be written in the most detailed.
f. Teaching materials
Teaching materials or learning material is a material that will be delivered which is a real form / content of a basic competence. Teaching materials contain facts, concepts, principles, models, and procedures. In its formulation until now is still going confusion between written as a complete teaching materials or just the items / main course material. Apart from that, the most important in the learning plan prepared teaching materials must be complete to fit the four things mentioned above.
g. Allocation of time
The allocation of time is determined according to the needs of achievement of basic competencies that have been formulated at the beginning of the school year according to the burden of student learning.
h. Methods of learning
Most important from the use or selection of teaching methods are chosen method of learning can lead to a conducive learning atmosphere so that students can receive a lesson in comfort. Selection of teaching methods are very dependent on the material being taught and the condition of students who will be taught a lesson. Therefore, preparation of lesson plans in this case to choose the learning method should be done by teachers who know very well the condition of the class, for the chosen method acceptable to the students.
i. Learning activities
Structured learning activities to help students master the basic competencies that are given. Learning activities is very crucial in keberhsilan students master basic competencies. With a structured learning activities with appropriate students will be easier to master the teaching materials provided. In planning learning activities, should be estimated how the indicators of learning success. Are the steps that are arranged in activities that may include any indicators that have been formulated. If all indicators can already be shaded by the learning activities are arranged so the purpose of learning will be more easily achieved and the thoroughness of students in mastering basic competencies will be very good. There is a record that is "meaningful learning activities that will have an impact on student behavior, students not only know or memorize it".
Stages in learning activities include three things: the introduction, the core, and the cover.
Preliminary
Introduction is the beginning of the learning activities that have the purpose mengodisikan students receive lessons in preparedness. Activities undertaken to condition the granting of these students can be students' motivation and effort to focus the students on the lessons to be delivered. In other words introductory activities can also be called situational stage.
Core
Core activity is the process of learning in accordance with KD to be achieved. Activity of this core must be specified in such a way that students truly understand the KD to be achieved. The details are contained in the core activities of this division into three stages of exploration, elaboration, and confirmation. With the third stage of the students will have a strong understanding because students not only receive from teachers alone but the students are also actively involved in the acquisition of understanding and mastery of KD.
Cover
Closing is the final activity of learning. closed end His lesson is not just a lesson with a greeting, but here is the emphasis / reinforcement of what has been gained during the learning of students. teacher draws conclusions on what has been learned. This is done so that students become more confident on the understanding that students are getting, because basically, students will have more confidence when they have acquired understanding justified or corroborated by the teacher. In closing activities are also carried out assessment and reflection on the learning that has been done.
j. Sources and media to learn
Resources and learning media used as a tool to facilitate learning activities. Determination of source and medium of learning tailored to the basic competencies disampaiakan by teachers and infrastructure that exist in schools. Source selection and a good learning media is helping the students who can more easily accept the lesson, more intensive, and stimulate students to demonstrate its potential. Most important is the selection of sources and media education should be based on the principle of expediency, not necessarily expensive or high-value essential to have optimal benefit in delivering the lesson.
k. Assessment of learning outcomes
Assessment of learning outcomes is the assessment of the achievement of learning objectives. therefore, the indicators should termuan mastery of basic competencies in assessment instruments are made. Forms of assessment can be chosen freely by the teachers provided appropriate to show and describe the achievement of competence is expected.
In making the assessment of learning outcomes, teachers should also provide an alternative answer or answers and a scoring guide that there is clarity in the measurement of the level of student success in understanding the basic competencies being delivered.
Few things about this lesson plan is only a fraction of how to achieve successful learning. Planning early and then have to face students who will certainly need a lot of improvisation of teachers for the events that may not inscribed in the planning. Hence a wealth of techniques and methods of teaching in a teacher is something that should always be developed.
Before starting any activity of any person often has a plan. That's because by planning activities to be conducted by a person will go well. Without planning activities that should be done properly can turn into a mess because we do not have an overview and management activities will be conducted
No exception in learning activities. For teachers, plan learning activities is a thing that must be done for the success pembelajran will do. Planning learning activities according to Ibrahim is formulating what purpose will be achieved by a learning activity, how what used to assess the achievement of these objectives, what material will be delivered, how to deliver, as well as tools or media what it takes. Another opinion about learning planning is the activity of projecting what actions will be implemented in a lesson is to coordinate (manage and respond to) the components of the learning so that the activity (purpose), content of activities (material), the way the activities (methods and techniques), and how to measure it (evaluation) becomes clear and systematic (Nana Sudjana).
Whether planning has perananan an important lesson in learning? Here's a question that often arises because common belief that teaching can also be done without planning. Teaching without a plan it can be done but it will be hard to teach types in achieving the goal of teaching itself. This is because teaching without planning will have less focus on learning, delivery methods and techniques that it is or sober, matter which is only modest, time management is not proportional, and the success rate of students in understanding course material difficult to be achieved and measured.
Concrete form of a current lesson plan is a plan of learning (rpp) and syllabus. Learning implementation plan and syllabus at least contains learning objectives, teaching materials, teaching methods, learning resources, and assessment of student learning hsail.
1. Syllabus
Syllabus is a lesson plan that includes standards of competence, basic competence, learning materials, competency achievement indicators, assessment, allocation of time, and resources / materials / learning tool. Syllabus is an elaboration of standards of competence and basic competence in the subject matter / learning, learning activities, and indicators of achievement of competency for assessment. Syllabus development conducted by educational units with a standard based on the contents and graduation competency standards and curriculum policies.
2. Plan the implementation of learning
Learning is a draft implementation plan that contains procedures and organizational learning. Rpp contain certain basic competencies membelajarkan translation contained in the syllabus. As for the things / components contained in the plan of study include:
a. The identity of RPP
The identity of the educational unit includes lesson plans, class / program, semester, subject, and time / attendance.
b. Standards of competence
Qualification standard of competence is the ability of learners menimal describing the acquisition of knowledge, attitudes, and skills students are expected to be achieved in a subject. Competency standards for each subject was determined in the standard content, but each educational unit is allowed to develop competency standards in accordance with the needs of schools and students (the needs of the working world, regional and national development (reference operational preparation of SBC))
c. Basic competencies
Basic competencies are the minimum competencies that must be mastered students who are the elaboration of standards of competence. Basic competencies are descriptions of competency standards has also been found in the content standards and do not close the possibility to be completed or developed as a standard of competence. But keep in mind the add and develop the SK or KD in a subject should not be reduced Standat Basic Competence Competence and specified in the Content Standards.
d. Inidikator achievement of competence
Indicators are signs that show the achievement of a KD when dibelajarkan to students. Indicator is a description of the behavior of basic competencies. Indicator achievement of competencies defined by operational verbs that can be observed and measured by a variety of assessment instruments.
The formulation of the basic competencies of each indicator is the duty of teachers in each educational unit tailored to the needs and circumstances of students. A teacher can formulate the basic competence indicators is highly dependent on the level of understanding teachers understand a basic competence. A teacher can formulate a good indicator if the teacher has a good understanding of basic competence. Without a good understanding in formulating indicators that errors may occur formulated indicators are not appropriate or not characterize the achievement of basic competencies that are taught.
Indicator itself has a function as a measuring tool of learning a determinant of the success of basic competence. With these functions, indicators become a reference in preparing teaching materials, determine the assessment of the achievement of KD, the determination of student activities in order to master KD, and determine the tools, materials, media and learning resources.
e. Learning objectives
Learning objectives are goals to be achieved by the students after participating in the learning process. The purpose of learning is a detailed form of basic competence, similar to but different indicators because the indicators of achievement of the signs of a KD while the goal is a goal or a result of mastering basic competencies. With the similarity of indicators with the aim of learning is usually revealed to be a direct indicator of the learning objectives. However, learning objectives must be clear and detailed every aspect of mastery on the basis of competence, so when the indicator can still be formulated more detailed learning objectives should be written in the most detailed.
f. Teaching materials
Teaching materials or learning material is a material that will be delivered which is a real form / content of a basic competence. Teaching materials contain facts, concepts, principles, models, and procedures. In its formulation until now is still going confusion between written as a complete teaching materials or just the items / main course material. Apart from that, the most important in the learning plan prepared teaching materials must be complete to fit the four things mentioned above.
g. Allocation of time
The allocation of time is determined according to the needs of achievement of basic competencies that have been formulated at the beginning of the school year according to the burden of student learning.
h. Methods of learning
Most important from the use or selection of teaching methods are chosen method of learning can lead to a conducive learning atmosphere so that students can receive a lesson in comfort. Selection of teaching methods are very dependent on the material being taught and the condition of students who will be taught a lesson. Therefore, preparation of lesson plans in this case to choose the learning method should be done by teachers who know very well the condition of the class, for the chosen method acceptable to the students.
i. Learning activities
Structured learning activities to help students master the basic competencies that are given. Learning activities is very crucial in keberhsilan students master basic competencies. With a structured learning activities with appropriate students will be easier to master the teaching materials provided. In planning learning activities, should be estimated how the indicators of learning success. Are the steps that are arranged in activities that may include any indicators that have been formulated. If all indicators can already be shaded by the learning activities are arranged so the purpose of learning will be more easily achieved and the thoroughness of students in mastering basic competencies will be very good. There is a record that is "meaningful learning activities that will have an impact on student behavior, students not only know or memorize it".
Stages in learning activities include three things: the introduction, the core, and the cover.
Preliminary
Introduction is the beginning of the learning activities that have the purpose mengodisikan students receive lessons in preparedness. Activities undertaken to condition the granting of these students can be students' motivation and effort to focus the students on the lessons to be delivered. In other words introductory activities can also be called situational stage.
Core
Core activity is the process of learning in accordance with KD to be achieved. Activity of this core must be specified in such a way that students truly understand the KD to be achieved. The details are contained in the core activities of this division into three stages of exploration, elaboration, and confirmation. With the third stage of the students will have a strong understanding because students not only receive from teachers alone but the students are also actively involved in the acquisition of understanding and mastery of KD.
Cover
Closing is the final activity of learning. closed end His lesson is not just a lesson with a greeting, but here is the emphasis / reinforcement of what has been gained during the learning of students. teacher draws conclusions on what has been learned. This is done so that students become more confident on the understanding that students are getting, because basically, students will have more confidence when they have acquired understanding justified or corroborated by the teacher. In closing activities are also carried out assessment and reflection on the learning that has been done.
j. Sources and media to learn
Resources and learning media used as a tool to facilitate learning activities. Determination of source and medium of learning tailored to the basic competencies disampaiakan by teachers and infrastructure that exist in schools. Source selection and a good learning media is helping the students who can more easily accept the lesson, more intensive, and stimulate students to demonstrate its potential. Most important is the selection of sources and media education should be based on the principle of expediency, not necessarily expensive or high-value essential to have optimal benefit in delivering the lesson.
k. Assessment of learning outcomes
Assessment of learning outcomes is the assessment of the achievement of learning objectives. therefore, the indicators should termuan mastery of basic competencies in assessment instruments are made. Forms of assessment can be chosen freely by the teachers provided appropriate to show and describe the achievement of competence is expected.
In making the assessment of learning outcomes, teachers should also provide an alternative answer or answers and a scoring guide that there is clarity in the measurement of the level of student success in understanding the basic competencies being delivered.
Few things about this lesson plan is only a fraction of how to achieve successful learning. Planning early and then have to face students who will certainly need a lot of improvisation of teachers for the events that may not inscribed in the planning. Hence a wealth of techniques and methods of teaching in a teacher is something that should always be developed.